Sociology
Which area of sociologist focuses on understanding and addressing social problems through applied research?
A.
Theoretical sociology
B.
Clinical sociology
C.
Historical sociology
D.
Cultural sociology
What type of degree is typically required for advanced positions in sociology, such as research or teaching at the university level?
A.
Associate's degree
B.
Bachelor's degree
C.
Master's degree or Ph.D.
D.
High school diploma
Which of the following is an essential skill for sociologists working in research?
A.
Artistic talent
B.
Statistical analysis
C.
Physical fitness
D.
Public speaking
What role do Institutional Review Book (IRBs) play in sociological research?
A.
They provide funding for social science projects
B.
They ensure that ethical standards are maintained in research involving human subjects
C.
They analyze the results of sociological studies
D.
They promote public awareness of sociological findings
Which term describes a systematic plan for conducting research that includes specific steps for collecting and analyzing data?
A.
Research design
B.
Methodology
C.
Framework
D.
Protocol
What does "triangulation" refer to in sociological research?
A.
Using multiple methods or sources to validate results
B.
Conducting experiments with three variables
C.
Analyzing three different populations simultaneously
D.
all of these
Which type of surveys allows respondents to answer questions in their own words?
A.
Closed-type survey
B.
Open-type Survey
C.
Structured survey
D.
Standardized survey
In sociological research, what does "operationalization" refer to?
A.
Defining how variables will be measured or identified in a study
B.
The process of collecting qualitative data
C.
The analysis of statistical data
D.
The ethical considerations involved in conducting research
Which term describes the process by which researchers analyze existing data collected by others?
A.
Primary data analysis
B.
Secondary data analysis
C.
Qualitative analysis
D.
Quantitative analysis
What is the primary focus of qualitative research methods?
A.
To quantify behaviors and attitudes
B.
To understand social phenomena through detailed descriptions and interpretations
C.
To establish cause-and-effect relationship
D.
To analyze numerical data statistically
Which ethical principle requires researchers to minimize harm to participants?
A.
Confidentiality
B.
Informed consent
C.
Beneficence
D.
Justice
What does "generalizability" refer to in sociological research?
A.
The ability to apply from a sample to a larger population
B.
The accuracy of measurements used in a study
C.
The ethical consideration involved in conducting research
D.
The process of gathering qualitative data
What is participant observation?
A.
Observing subjects without their knowledge
B.
Researchers actively engaging with participants while observing their behavior
C.
Collecting data through surveys
D.
Analyzing existing documents and records
Which type of qualitative research involves an in-depth exploration of a single case or situation?
A.
Survey
B.
Experiment
C.
Case study
D.
Ethnography
What does "informed consent" mean in the context of sociological research?
A.
Participants must agree to participate without any information about the study
B.
Participants are fully informed about the study's purpose, procedures, and potential risks before agreeing to participate
C.
Consent is not necessary if the study is observational
D.
Participants can withdraw at anytime without any consequences
Which term refers to the consistency and reliability of a measure in research?
A.
Validity
B.
Reliability
C.
Generalizability
D.
Objectivity
What is a hypothesis in sociological research?
A.
A proven fact about social behavior
B.
A testable statement predicting the relationship between two or more variables
C.
An observation made during field research
D.
The conclusion drawn from qualitative data analysis
Which type of research method is best for establishing cause-end-effect relationship?
A.
Survey research
B.
Field research
C.
Experimental research
D.
Case research
What is the main advantage of using secondary data in research?
A.
It is always more accurate than primary data
B.
It is often less expensive and time-consuming to collect
C.
It allows researchers to gather new information firsthand
D.
It eliminates the need foe ethical consideration
Which type of sampling involves selecting participants based on specific characteristics?
A.
Random sampling
B.
Stratified sampling
C.
Convenience sampling
D.
Systematic sampling
What is a survey?
A.
A method of collecting qualitative data through open-end questions
B.
A technique used to study historical documents
C.
A structured method for gathering quantitative data from a large number of respondents
D.
An observational study conducted in a controlled environment
Which research method involves collecting data through observation in natural settings?
A.
Survey research
B.
Experimental research
C.
Field research
D.
Secondary data analysis
What is the primary goal of sociological research?
A.
To confirm existing theories
B.
To gather data and analyze social phenomena
C.
To promote a specific political agenda
D.
To entertain the public
In term of collective behavior, What is a "fad"?
A.
An enduring trend that influence culture over time
B.
An intense but short-lived enthusiasm for something popular among a large group
C.
An organized protest against government policies
D.
A long-standing cultural practices passed down through generations
Which sociologist developed the concept of "emergent norms"?
A.
Neil Smelser
B.
Herbert Blumer
C.
Gustave Le Bon
D.
Charles Tilly